1.Spring Boot 构建第一个 Web 应用程序

2019年04月02日 10:50 · 阅读(538) ·

[目录]

参考

本文参考了 Ken 的博客。结合自己的实际操作过程写成。

Spring Boot入门教程1、使用Spring Boot构建第一个Web应用程序

开发环境

名称 版本
操作系统 Windows 10 X64
JDK JDK1.8（jdk-8u151-windows-x64）
IntelliJ IDEA IntelliJ IDEA 2018.3
Maven Maven 3.6.0
Spring Boot 1.5.6

什么是 Spring Boot

Spring Boot 默认配置了很多框架的使用方式，整合了所有的框架

1.创建项目

打开 IntelliJ IDEA 2018.3

选择 Create New Project

或 文件-New-项目

选择 Maven,勾选 Create from archetype

选择项目模板 maven-archetype-webapp

GroupId:com.my.luoma.springboot-course

ArtifactId:springboot-course

设置 Maven 配置

名称 说明 配置
Maven Home Directory Maven 安装包路径 D:\Program Files\apache-maven-3.6.0
User settings file 用户配置文件 D:\Program Files\apache-maven-3.6.0\conf\settings.xml
Local repository 本地仓库 D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository

项目名称 springbootcourse

查看 Maven Goal 的消息，构建成功

  1. [INFO] Project created from Archetype in dir: C:\Users\v_hwhao\AppData\Local\Temp\archetypetmp\springboot-course
  2. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  3. [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
  4. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  5. [INFO] Total time:  01:02 min
  6. [INFO] Finished at: 2019-04-02T10:33:43+08:00
  7. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  8. [INFO] Maven execution finished

2.创建源目录

在 src/main 下创建文件夹 java,resources

右键 java 文件夹，标记目录为-源码 根

右键 resources 文件夹，标记目录为-Resources 根

3.在 pom.xml 中引入 spring boot

打开 pom.xml 文件

对应输入下面的内容

  1. <parent>
  2.     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  3.     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
  4.     <version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
  5. </parent>
  6. <dependencies>
  7.     <dependency>
  8.         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  9.         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  10.     </dependency>
  11. </dependencies>

4.创建应用程序类&应用程序入口

(1)在之前创建的 java 目录下添加包 com.my.luoma.springboot.course

(2)在此包下创建应用程序类 CourseApplication

(3)添加注解：@SpringBootApplication 并配置启动

  1. package com.my.luoma.springboot.course;
  3. import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
  4. import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
  6. @SpringBootApplication
  7. public class CourseApplication {
  8.     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
  9.         SpringApplication.run(CourseApplication.class,args);
  10.     }
  11. }

5.创建测试Controller

(1)在之前创建的 java 目录下添加包 com.my.luoma.springboot.course.controller

因为之前创建过了 com.my.luoma.springboot.course 包，前面的名称一致，所以会在 com.my.luoma.springboot.course 包下再创建 controller 包

(2)创建类：HelloController

  1. package com.my.luoma.springboot.course.controller;
  3. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
  4. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
  5. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
  7. @Controller
  8. public class HelloController {
  10.     @RequestMapping("/")
  11.     @ResponseBody
  12.     String index() {
  13.         return "Hello World!";
  14.     }
  15. }

6.设置启动配置

运行-编辑配置

增加 Spring boot 启动配置

名称：Spring Boot
Main Class：com.my.luoma.springboot.course.CourseApplication

7.启动项目

使用快捷键 Shift+F10 启动即可

或者在 CourseApplication 编辑区，右键-运行-Spring Boot

控制台输出：

  1. "D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\bin\java.exe" -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1 -noverify -Dspring.output.ansi.enabled=always -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=37795 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=localhost -Dspring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain -Dspring.application.admin.enabled=true "-javaagent:D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=37796:D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\charsets.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\deploy.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\javaws.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\jce.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\jfr.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\jsse.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\plugin.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\resources.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\v_hwhao\Code-Java-Test\springbootcourse\target\classes;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-web\1.5.6.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-web-1.5.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\1.5.6.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-1.5.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\1.5.6.RELEASE\spring-boot-1.5.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\1.5.6.RELEASE\spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\1.5.6.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-logging-1.5.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.1.11\logback-classic-1.1.11.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.1.11\logback-core-1.1.11.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.25\slf4j-api-1.7.25.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\slf4j\jcl-over-slf4j\1.7.25\jcl-over-slf4j-1.7.25.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\1.7.25\jul-to-slf4j-1.7.25.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\slf4j\log4j-over-slf4j\1.7.25\log4j-over-slf4j-1.7.25.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\springframework\spring-core\4.3.10.RELEASE\spring-core-4.3.10.RELEASE.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\yaml\snakeyaml\1.17\snakeyaml-1.17.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-tomcat\1.5.6.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-tomcat-1.5.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-core\8.5.16\tomcat-embed-core-8.5.16.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-el\8.5.16\tomcat-embed-el-8.5.16.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-websocket\8.5.16\tomcat-embed-websocket-8.5.16.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\hibernate\hibernate-validator\5.3.5.Final\hibernate-validator-5.3.5.Final.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\javax\validation\validation-api\1.1.0.Final\validation-api-1.1.0.Final.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\jboss\logging\jboss-logging\3.3.1.Final\jboss-logging-3.3.1.Final.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\com\fasterxml\classmate\1.3.3\classmate-1.3.3.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-databind\2.8.9\jackson-databind-2.8.9.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-annotations\2.8.0\jackson-annotations-2.8.0.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-core\2.8.9\jackson-core-2.8.9.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.10.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.10.RELEASE.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\springframework\spring-aop\4.3.10.RELEASE\spring-aop-4.3.10.RELEASE.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\springframework\spring-beans\4.3.10.RELEASE\spring-beans-4.3.10.RELEASE.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\springframework\spring-context\4.3.10.RELEASE\spring-context-4.3.10.RELEASE.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\springframework\spring-webmvc\4.3.10.RELEASE\spring-webmvc-4.3.10.RELEASE.jar;D:\Program Files\Maven\Repository\org\springframework\spring-expression\4.3.10.RELEASE\spring-expression-4.3.10.RELEASE.jar" com.my.luoma.springboot.course.CourseApplication
  3.   .   ____          _            __ _ _
  4.  /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
  5. ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
  6.  \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  7.   '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
  8.  =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
  9.  :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.5.6.RELEASE)
  11. 2019-04-02 12:21:04.709  INFO 9396 --- [           main] c.m.l.s.course.CourseApplication         : Starting CourseApplication on v_hwhao-PC3 with PID 9396 (D:\v_hwhao\Code-Java-Test\springbootcourse\target\classes started by v_hwhao in D:\v_hwhao\Code-Java-Test\springbootcourse)
  12. 2019-04-02 12:21:04.711  INFO 9396 --- [           main] c.m.l.s.course.CourseApplication         : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
  13. 2019-04-02 12:21:04.743  INFO 9396 --- [           main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@12405818: startup date [Tue Apr 02 12:21:04 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
  14. 2019-04-02 12:21:05.578  INFO 9396 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
  15. 2019-04-02 12:21:05.585  INFO 9396 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
  16. 2019-04-02 12:21:05.585  INFO 9396 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.16
  17. 2019-04-02 12:21:05.641  INFO 9396 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
  18. 2019-04-02 12:21:05.642  INFO 9396 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 899 ms
  19. 2019-04-02 12:21:05.735  INFO 9396 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean  : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
  20. 2019-04-02 12:21:05.737  INFO 9396 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
  21. 2019-04-02 12:21:05.738  INFO 9396 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
  22. 2019-04-02 12:21:05.738  INFO 9396 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
  23. 2019-04-02 12:21:05.738  INFO 9396 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
  24. 2019-04-02 12:21:05.934  INFO 9396 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@12405818: startup date [Tue Apr 02 12:21:04 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
  25. 2019-04-02 12:21:05.965  INFO 9396 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/]}" onto java.lang.String com.my.luoma.springboot.course.controller.HelloController.index()
  26. 2019-04-02 12:21:05.967  INFO 9396 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
  27. 2019-04-02 12:21:05.968  INFO 9396 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
  28. 2019-04-02 12:21:05.983  INFO 9396 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
  29. 2019-04-02 12:21:05.983  INFO 9396 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
  30. 2019-04-02 12:21:06.000  INFO 9396 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
  31. 2019-04-02 12:21:06.071  INFO 9396 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
  32. 2019-04-02 12:21:06.105  INFO 9396 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
  33. 2019-04-02 12:21:06.107  INFO 9396 --- [           main] c.m.l.s.course.CourseApplication         : Started CourseApplication in 1.566 seconds (JVM running for 2.17)

spring Boot 也是跑在 Tomcat 中的，关键是本机不用安装也不用做任何 Tomcat 的配置。

想知道 spring Boot 还依赖了那些组件，在 pom.xml 文件中 Ctrl+鼠标单击 org.springframework.boot 即可

8.访问测试

如果启动了 Tomcat，需要停掉，要不然会冲突的

浏览器输入 http://localhost:8080

9.更换运行端口

在/src/main/resources下新建文件application.yml

文件内容：

  1. server:
  2.   port: 8086

访问：http://localhost:8086/

Spring 标记说明

标记 说明
@SpringBootApplication 等价于使用@Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration 和 @ComponentScan默认属性的情况。
@Controller 用于定义控制器类
@RestController 等价于@ResponseBody和@Controller
@RequestMapping 用于定义路由，也就是Url与Controller方法的映射
@ResponseBody 表示将结果直接填充到HTTP的响应体中，用于构建API
@EnableAutoConfiguration 将根据添加的jar依赖自动配置Spring，比如我们的应用依赖于spring-boot-starter-web，而它又依赖Tomcat和Spring MVC，有了这个注解，Spring boot将自动进行相关配置
@ComponentScan 表示将该类自动扫描并注册为Bean
@Configuration 用于定义配置文件类，可以将配置类替换xml配置

源代码

见附件

相关附件 Spring Boot-1.构建第一个 Web 应用程序 | 大小:0.01M | 下载