开发环境

名称	版本
操作系统	Windows 11 X64
Visual Studio	Communty 2022
GraalVM	graalvm-community-jdk-17.0.9_windows-x64_bin.zip
Native-Image	native-image-installable-svm-java17-windows-amd64-22.3.2.jar

AOT 与 JIT

AOT 与 JIT

GraalVM

官网：https://www.graalvm.org/

GraalVM 是一个高性能的 JDK，旨在加速用 Java 和其他 JVM 语言编写的应用程序的执行，
同时还提供 JavaScript、Python 和许多其他流行语言的运行时。
GraalVM 提供了两种运行 Java 应用程序的方式：
● 1.在 HotSpot JVM 上使用 Graal即时（JIT）编译器
● 2.作为预先编译（AOT）的本机可执行文件运行（本地镜像）。

GraalVM 的多语言能力使得在单个应用程序中混合多种编程语言成为可能，同时消除了外部语言调用的成本。

架构

跨平台提供原生镜像原理：

GraalVM - Windows 平台

安装 VisualStudio

下载地址:https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/zh-hans/free-developer-offers/

社区版

安装位置 C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community

安装成功

下载安装 GraalVM

下载

下载社区版 GraalVM for JDK 17 Community 17.0.9

安装

解压 graalvm-community-jdk-17.0.9_windows-x64_bin.zip 到 C:\Program Files\Java\graalvm-community-openjdk-17.0.9+9.1

配置环境变量

变量	值
Java_Home	C:\Program Files\Java\graalvm-community-openjdk-17.0.9+9.1
Path	%Java_Home%\bin

验证 JDK 环境为 GraalVM 提供的即可

C:\Users\luoma>java -version
openjdk version "17.0.9" 2023-10-17
OpenJDK Runtime Environment GraalVM CE 17.0.9+9.1 (build 17.0.9+9-jvmci-23.0-b22)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM GraalVM CE 17.0.9+9.1 (build 17.0.9+9-jvmci-23.0-b22, mixed mode, sharing)
C:\Users\luoma>gu --version
GraalVM Updater 23.0.2

下载安装 Native-Image 依赖

网络环境好，参考：https://www.graalvm.org/latest/reference-manual/native-image/#install-native-image

gu install native-image

D:\luoma\工具\Java\04_其它>gu install native-image
Downloading: Component catalog from www.graalvm.org
Processing Component: Native Image
Component Native Image (org.graalvm.native-image) is already installed.

新建项目-boot3-15-aot-common

新建模块

项	值
名称	boot3-15-aot-common
位置	D:\Study-Java\2023\SpringBoot3-Study
语言	Java
构建系统	Maven
JDK	graalvm-17 GraalVM version 17.0.9
添加实例代码	勾选
组	com.atguigu
工件	boot3-15-aot-common

主方法类

package com.atguigu;
/**
 * 打包成本地镜像
 * 1.打成 Jar 包:注意修改 jar 包内的 MANIFEST.MF 文件,指定 Main-Class 的全类名
 *   - java -jar xxx.jar 就可以执行。
 *   - 切换机器，安装 java 环境，默认解释执行，启动速度慢，运行速度慢。
 * 2.打成本地镜像(可执行文件):
 *   - Windows: exe
 *
 */
public class MainApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello world1111!");
    }
}

打包 boot3-15-aot-common

Maven-boot3-15-aot-common-生命周期-clear-package

[INFO] Building jar: D:\data\boot3-15-aot-common-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  0.905 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2024-01-11T11:17:25+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

使用压缩工具打开 boot3-15-aot-common-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
修改 boot3-15-aot-common-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar\META-INF\MANIFEST.MF,添加主启动类

Manifest-Version: 1.0
Created-By: Maven JAR Plugin 3.3.0
Build-Jdk-Spec: 17
Main-Class:  com.atguigu.MainApp

命令行进入 D://data，输入

java -jar boot3-15-aot-common-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

输出

Hello world1111!

打包成功。

编译镜像

使用 jar 包编译

打开工具 x64 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 2022
进入 D://data
输入下面代码

# boot3-15-aot-common-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar 为 jar 包名称
# com.atguigu.MainApp 为主程序名称
# Haha 为输出文件名称
native-image -cp boot3-15-aot-common-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar com.atguigu.MainApp -o Haha

输出

D:\data>native-image -cp boot3-15-aot-common-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar com.atguigu.MainApp -o Haha
========================================================================================================================
GraalVM Native Image: Generating 'Haha' (executable)...
========================================================================================================================
For detailed information and explanations on the build output, visit:
https://github.com/oracle/graal/blob/master/docs/reference-manual/native-image/BuildOutput.md
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1/8] Initializing...                                                                                   (10.9s @ 0.14GB)
 Java version: 17.0.9+9, vendor version: GraalVM CE 17.0.9+9.1
 Graal compiler: optimization level: 2, target machine: x86-64-v3
 C compiler: cl.exe (microsoft, x64, 19.38.33134)
 Garbage collector: Serial GC (max heap size: 80% of RAM)
[2/8] Performing analysis...  [***]                                                                      (7.7s @ 0.28GB)
   2,900 (72.39%) of  4,006 types reachable
   3,517 (50.90%) of  6,909 fields reachable
  13,209 (44.24%) of 29,858 methods reachable
     897 types,     0 fields, and   350 methods registered for reflection
      62 types,    53 fields, and    52 methods registered for JNI access
       1 native library: version
[3/8] Building universe...                                                                               (1.1s @ 0.36GB)
[4/8] Parsing methods...      [*]                                                                        (0.7s @ 0.34GB)
[5/8] Inlining methods...     [***]                                                                      (0.6s @ 0.23GB)
[6/8] Compiling methods...    [***]                                                                      (5.9s @ 0.31GB)
[7/8] Layouting methods...    [*]                                                                        (1.1s @ 0.39GB)
[8/8] Creating image...       [**]                                                                       (2.2s @ 0.31GB)
   4.56MB (38.80%) for code area:     7,522 compilation units
   7.04MB (59.85%) for image heap:   92,458 objects and 5 resources
 163.08kB ( 1.35%) for other data
  11.76MB in total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Top 10 origins of code area:                                Top 10 object types in image heap:
   3.44MB java.base                                         1016.77kB byte[] for code metadata
 858.95kB svm.jar (Native Image)                             921.09kB java.lang.String
 113.28kB java.logging                                       913.53kB byte[] for general heap data
  62.87kB org.graalvm.nativeimage.base                       674.43kB byte[] for java.lang.String
  24.29kB jdk.internal.vm.ci                                 670.37kB java.lang.Class
  23.48kB org.graalvm.sdk                                    356.78kB char[]
   6.19kB jdk.internal.vm.compiler                           354.80kB java.util.HashMap$Node
   1.35kB jdk.proxy1                                         249.22kB com.oracle.svm.core.hub.DynamicHubCompanion
   1.27kB jdk.proxy3                                         187.01kB java.lang.String[]
   1.19kB jdk.localedata                                     166.00kB java.lang.Object[]
  468.00B for 2 more packages                                  1.25MB for 827 more object types
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Recommendations:
 HEAP: Set max heap for improved and more predictable memory usage.
 CPU:  Enable more CPU features with '-march=native' for improved performance.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        1.0s (3.3% of total time) in 157 GCs | Peak RSS: 0.87GB | CPU load: 3.83
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Produced artifacts:
 D:\data\Haha.exe (executable)
========================================================================================================================
Finished generating 'Haha' in 30.7s.

D:\\data 目录中输出了一个 Haha.exe 文件
执行 Haha.exe

D:\data>Haha.exe
Hello world1111!

使用 class 文件编译

复制项目编译的 class 文件夹 \classes\com\atguigu\MainApp.class 到 D:\\data\\classes
打开工具 x64 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 2022
进入 D://data
输入下面代码

# classes 为项目 class 文件夹
# com.atguigu.MainApp 为项目主程序
# Hehe 为输出的文件名称
D:\data>native-image -cp classes com.atguigu.MainApp -o Hehe

输出

D:\data>native-image -cp classes com.atguigu.MainApp -o Hehe
========================================================================================================================
GraalVM Native Image: Generating 'Hehe' (executable)...
========================================================================================================================
For detailed information and explanations on the build output, visit:
https://github.com/oracle/graal/blob/master/docs/reference-manual/native-image/BuildOutput.md
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1/8] Initializing...                                                                                   (10.2s @ 0.14GB)
 Java version: 17.0.9+9, vendor version: GraalVM CE 17.0.9+9.1
 Graal compiler: optimization level: 2, target machine: x86-64-v3
 C compiler: cl.exe (microsoft, x64, 19.38.33134)
 Garbage collector: Serial GC (max heap size: 80% of RAM)
[2/8] Performing analysis...  [***]                                                                      (7.3s @ 0.28GB)
   2,900 (72.39%) of  4,006 types reachable
   3,517 (50.90%) of  6,909 fields reachable
  13,209 (44.24%) of 29,858 methods reachable
     897 types,     0 fields, and   350 methods registered for reflection
      62 types,    53 fields, and    52 methods registered for JNI access
       1 native library: version
[3/8] Building universe...                                                                               (1.1s @ 0.32GB)
[4/8] Parsing methods...      [*]                                                                        (0.7s @ 0.37GB)
[5/8] Inlining methods...     [***]                                                                      (0.6s @ 0.21GB)
[6/8] Compiling methods...    [***]                                                                      (5.9s @ 0.35GB)
[7/8] Layouting methods...    [*]                                                                        (1.0s @ 0.37GB)
[8/8] Creating image...       [**]                                                                       (2.0s @ 0.30GB)
   4.56MB (38.79%) for code area:     7,522 compilation units
   7.04MB (59.85%) for image heap:   92,436 objects and 5 resources
 163.56kB ( 1.36%) for other data
  11.76MB in total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Top 10 origins of code area:                                Top 10 object types in image heap:
   3.44MB java.base                                         1017.04kB byte[] for code metadata
 858.98kB svm.jar (Native Image)                             921.09kB java.lang.String
 113.28kB java.logging                                       913.54kB byte[] for general heap data
  62.87kB org.graalvm.nativeimage.base                       674.43kB byte[] for java.lang.String
  24.29kB jdk.internal.vm.ci                                 670.37kB java.lang.Class
  23.48kB org.graalvm.sdk                                    356.78kB char[]
   6.19kB jdk.internal.vm.compiler                           353.95kB java.util.HashMap$Node
   1.35kB jdk.proxy1                                         249.22kB com.oracle.svm.core.hub.DynamicHubCompanion
   1.27kB jdk.proxy3                                         187.01kB java.lang.String[]
   1.19kB jdk.localedata                                     166.00kB java.lang.Object[]
  468.00B for 2 more packages                                  1.25MB for 827 more object types
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Recommendations:
 HEAP: Set max heap for improved and more predictable memory usage.
 CPU:  Enable more CPU features with '-march=native' for improved performance.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        1.1s (3.5% of total time) in 156 GCs | Peak RSS: 0.86GB | CPU load: 4.12
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Produced artifacts:
 D:\data\Hehe.exe (executable)
========================================================================================================================
Finished generating 'Hehe' in 29.4s.

D:\\data 目录中输出了一个 Hehe.exe 文件
执行 Haha.exe

D:\data>Hehe.exe
Hello world1111!

GraalVM - Linux 平台

安装 gcc 等环境

yum install lrzsz
sudo yum install gcc glibc-devel zlib-devel

下载安装 Linux 下的 GraalVM

下载 graalvm-ce-java17-linux-amd64-22.3.2.tar.gz

安装

tar -zxvf graalvm-ce-java17-linux-amd64-22.3.2.tar.gz -C /opt/java/
sudo vim /etc/profile
#修改以下内容
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/graalvm-ce-java17-22.3.2
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
source /etc/profile

下载安装 Linux 下的 Native-Image

下载 native-image-installable-svm-java17-linux-amd64-22.3.2.jar

安装

gu install --file native-image-installable-svm-java17-linux-amd64-22.3.2.jar

使用 Native-Image 编译 jar 为原生程序

native-image -cp xxx.jar org.example.App -o Demo

编译成功后，运行 ./Demo

SpringBoot3-13.AOT-GraalVM

开发环境

AOT 与 JIT

GraalVM

GraalVM - Windows 平台

安装 VisualStudio

下载安装 GraalVM

下载安装 Native-Image 依赖

新建项目-boot3-15-aot-common

打包 boot3-15-aot-common

编译镜像

使用 jar 包编译

使用 class 文件编译

GraalVM - Linux 平台

安装 gcc 等环境

下载安装 Linux 下的 GraalVM

下载安装 Linux 下的 Native-Image

使用 Native-Image 编译 jar 为原生程序